What is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a long-term skin condition that causes red, scaly patches. These patches can appear anywhere on the body. Often, they show up on the elbows, knees, scalp, or lower back. Psoriasis is not contagious, so you cannot catch it from someone else. However, it can be uncomfortable and sometimes itchy. Many people look for ways to manage psoriasis flare-ups and improve their skin health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of people worldwide live with psoriasis.

Common Symptoms of Psoriasis

Psoriasis symptoms can vary from person to person. Still, some signs are more common than others. Early treatment can help control symptoms and prevent them from getting worse. Look for these signs:

Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales

Dry or cracked skin that may bleed

Itching, burning, or soreness

Thickened or ridged nails

Swollen or stiff joints (in some cases)

Sometimes, symptoms come and go. For example, you may have periods with few or no symptoms, followed by flare-ups.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of psoriasis. However, they believe it is linked to the immune system. The body’s defense system attacks healthy skin cells by mistake. This causes skin cells to grow too quickly. As a result, thick patches form. Several factors can increase your risk:

Family history of psoriasis

Stress or emotional strain

Infections, such as strep throat

Skin injuries, like cuts or sunburns

Certain medications (for example, beta-blockers)

Smoking or heavy alcohol use

While anyone can get psoriasis, it often starts between ages 15 and 35. But it can develop at any age.

How Psoriasis is Diagnosed

Doctors usually diagnose psoriasis by looking at your skin. They may ask about your symptoms and family history. Sometimes, a small sample of skin is taken for testing. This is called a biopsy. The test helps rule out other skin conditions. Early diagnosis can help you find the best psoriasis treatment options.

Treatment Options for Psoriasis

There is no cure for psoriasis, but many treatments can help control symptoms. Your doctor will suggest the best plan for you. Treatment options include:

Topical creams and ointments: These are applied directly to the skin to reduce redness and scaling.

Light therapy: Special lights can slow the growth of skin cells.

Oral medications: Pills or tablets may help control severe cases.

Biologic drugs: These are newer medicines that target specific parts of the immune system.

Sometimes, a combination of treatments works best. Always talk to your doctor before starting any new treatment.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While you cannot prevent psoriasis, you can take steps to manage flare-ups. Simple changes in your daily routine may help. For example:

Keep your skin moisturized

Avoid harsh soaps and hot water

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

Eat a balanced diet and stay active

Limit alcohol and avoid smoking

Protect your skin from cuts and sunburns

With these tips, you may reduce the number and severity of flare-ups.

When to See a Dermatologist

If you notice red, scaly patches that do not go away, it is time to see a dermatologist. Also, seek help if your symptoms get worse or if treatments are not working. Early care can help you manage psoriasis and improve your quality of life. Remember, a dermatologist can guide you to the best psoriasis treatment options for your needs.

For personalized advice on managing psoriasis, consult a dermatologist today.